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🧠 Complete Guide to STM32 Microcontroller Series

STMicroelectronics’ STM32 family is one of the most popular ARM Cortex-based microcontroller product lines worldwide. It is known for high performance, low power consumption, and a wide range of applications — from IoT devices to industrial automation, robotics, and embedded systems.

STM32 MCUs are divided into several series, each targeting different applications, performance levels, and cost categories.

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🟢 1. STM32F0 Series – Entry-Level, Low-Cost

Core: ARM Cortex-M0 (up to 48 MHz)
Key Features:

• Ultra-low-cost and easy to use

• Flash memory: up to 256 KB

• RAM: up to 32 KB

• Basic peripherals (UART, SPI, I2C, timers, ADC, DAC)

• Ideal for simple control systems and cost-sensitive applications

✅ Use Cases: Consumer electronics, small IoT devices, low-power sensors.

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🟡 2. STM32F1 Series – Mainstream Classic

Core: ARM Cortex-M3 (up to 72 MHz)
Key Features:

• One of the most popular STM32 lines

• Flash memory: up to 1 MB

• RAM: up to 96 KB

• Advanced peripherals (USB, CAN, ADC, timers)

• Broad community support and documentation

✅ Use Cases: Industrial control, robotics, automation, hobby projects.

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🟠 3. STM32F2 Series – Enhanced Performance

Core: ARM Cortex-M3 (up to 120 MHz)
Key Features:

• High processing speed

• Flash memory: up to 1 MB

• RAM: up to 128 KB

• Enhanced security (crypto/CRC), Ethernet MAC

• Low power with dynamic voltage scaling

✅ Use Cases: High-performance embedded systems, IoT gateways.

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🔵 4. STM32F3 Series – Mixed-Signal MCU

Core: ARM Cortex-M4 (up to 72 MHz)
Key Features:

• DSP and FPU support

• Advanced analog features (high-speed ADC/DAC, op-amps, comparators)

• Flash memory: up to 512 KB

• Real-time control capabilities

✅ Use Cases: Motor control, power conversion, sensor fusion.

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🟣 5. STM32F4 Series – High Performance

Core: ARM Cortex-M4 (up to 180 MHz)
Key Features:

• Floating Point Unit (FPU) + DSP instructions

• Flash memory: up to 2 MB

• RAM: up to 256 KB

• Ethernet, USB OTG, camera interface, audio support

• Excellent community support

✅ Use Cases: Multimedia devices, audio processing, advanced control systems.

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🔴 6. STM32F7 Series – Premium Performance

Core: ARM Cortex-M7 (up to 216 MHz)
Key Features:

• Very high processing power

• Flash memory: up to 2 MB

• RAM: up to 512 KB

• High-speed peripherals, TFT display interface

• External memory support (SDRAM, QSPI)

✅ Use Cases: Advanced multimedia, HMI systems, AI on edge, data logging.

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🟢 7. STM32H7 Series – Ultra High Performance

Core: ARM Cortex-M7 (up to 480 MHz) + optional Cortex-M4 coprocessor
Key Features:

• One of the most powerful MCUs in the STM32 lineup

• Flash: up to 2 MB, RAM: up to 1 MB

• Dual-core support (in some variants)

• Advanced graphics and connectivity support (Ethernet, USB HS, TFT, CAN FD)

✅ Use Cases: High-end industrial systems, AI edge computing, complex GUIs.

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🟡 8. STM32L0 Series – Ultra Low Power

Core: ARM Cortex-M0+ (up to 32 MHz)
Key Features:

• Ultra-low power consumption

• Flash memory: up to 192 KB

• RAM: up to 20 KB

• Ideal for battery-powered systems

✅ Use Cases: Wearables, wireless sensors, IoT nodes.

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🟠 9. STM32L1 Series – Low Power with More Performance

Core: ARM Cortex-M3 (up to 32 MHz)
Key Features:

• Low power + enhanced features

• Flash: up to 512 KB

• Advanced analog peripherals

✅ Use Cases: Energy-efficient devices, smart metering.

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🔵 10. STM32L4 Series – High Performance, Ultra-Low Power

Core: ARM Cortex-M4 (up to 80 MHz)
Key Features:

• Combines performance and ultra-low power

• Flash memory: up to 1 MB

• RAM: up to 320 KB

• DSP & FPU

✅ Use Cases: Wearables, medical, portable IoT systems.

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🟣 11. STM32L5 Series – Security + Low Power

Core: ARM Cortex-M33 (up to 110 MHz)
Key Features:

• TrustZone security

• Flash memory: up to 512 KB

• RAM: up to 256 KB

• Advanced encryption & low power

✅ Use Cases: Secure IoT, payment terminals, connected medical devices.

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🔴 12. STM32G0 Series – Modern Entry Level

Core: ARM Cortex-M0+ (up to 64 MHz)
Key Features:

• Replaces older F0 series with better power efficiency

• Flash: up to 512 KB

• RAM: up to 144 KB

• USB, CAN, advanced timers

✅ Use Cases: Consumer devices, cost-effective IoT.

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🟢 13. STM32G4 Series – Mixed Signal + DSP

Core: ARM Cortex-M4 (up to 170 MHz)
Key Features:

• High-speed ADCs and advanced timers

• DSP and FPU

• Perfect for motor control and power conversion

✅ Use Cases: Industrial control, BLDC drivers, power electronics.

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🟡 14. STM32WB Series – Wireless

Core: ARM Cortex-M4 + M0
Key Features:

• Integrated Bluetooth 5.0 and 802.15.4 radio

• Dual-core architecture for communication and processing

• Ultra-low power operation

✅ Use Cases: Smart home, wearable devices, wireless IoT.

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🟠 15. STM32WL Series – LoRa + Sub-GHz Wireless

Core: ARM Cortex-M4 + radio subsystem
Key Features:

• Integrated LoRa/FSK radio

• Low power for long-range wireless

• Flash: up to 256 KB

✅ Use Cases: Smart agriculture, smart city, remote sensing.

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🔵 16. STM32MP1 Series – MPU (Linux-capable)

Core: Dual ARM Cortex-A7 + Cortex-M4
Key Features:

• Runs Linux on A7 core

• Real-time control on M4 core

• External DDR memory support

• GPU and display support

✅ Use Cases: Industrial HMIs, advanced IoT gateways, edge computing.

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🧾 Comparison Summary Table

Series	Core	Max Freq	Flash Up To	Special Features	Typical Use Case
F0	M0	48 MHz	256 KB	Low cost, simple peripherals	Basic control, IoT
F1	M3	72 MHz	1 MB	Popular, versatile	Automation, robotics
F3	M4	72 MHz	512 KB	Mixed-signal, DSP	Motor control, sensors
F4	M4	180 MHz	2 MB	High performance, multimedia	Audio, industrial
F7	M7	216 MHz	2 MB	Advanced multimedia, Ethernet	HMI, data logging
H7	M7/M4	480 MHz	2 MB	Dual-core, advanced graphics	AI edge, complex systems
L0/L1/L4/L5	M0+/M3/M4/M33	32–110 MHz	1 MB	Ultra-low power	Wearables, secure IoT
G0/G4	M0+/M4	64–170 MHz	512 KB	New-gen F0/F3	Industrial, power control
WB/WL	M4+Radio	—	512 KB	Wireless BLE/LoRa	IoT, smart home
MP1	A7 + M4	650 MHz	External	Linux capable	Advanced IoT, edge computing

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